The article discusses promising methods of data transmission using laser radiation. A comparative analysis of optical (non-laser) and laser communication was conducted, and experimental modeling of two channels was performed, including a mock-up. The optical communication channel model is based on an amplitude-modulated infrared (IR) LED and a narrowly focused laser transmitter. The model of the laser communication channel included a semiconductor laser source and a phototransistor receiver. As part of the work, the main characteristics of these communication channels were evaluated, including the maximum data transfer rate, maximum communication range, and quantitative measures of noise immunity for both channels. Significant differences were revealed, in particular, packet errors of 3–5 bits in a row were observed in the IR channel, which is explained by the inertia of the analog circuits of the receiving part. The laser system, on the contrary, demonstrated a uniform distribution of single errors due to the discrete nature of interference from background illumination. The article shows that both methods of organizing communication can be effectively used for information exchange tasks with a short distance between objects, particularly in groups of unmanned aerial vehicles.
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